Abstract
Objective: This thesis investigates the contributions of the Global Fund in controlling malaria in Vietnam since 2014, focusing on its multifaceted approaches, strategies, and interventions in malaria prevention, detection, and treatment, as well as overall health system strengthening.
Subject and Methods: The research employs a case study design combined with a desk review of project documents, financial reports, impact assessments, and academic literature. Qualitative methodologies, including key informant interviews and thematic analysis, are used to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the Global Fund's interventions.
Key Findings: The study finds that the Global Fund's contributions have significantly enhanced malaria control in Vietnam through increased funding, technical support, and infrastructural improvements. Notable successes include improved diagnostic capabilities, the introduction of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and increased community awareness and engagement. However, challenges such as logistical issues, funding constraints, and the emergence of drug-resistant malaria strains were identified. The research highlights the critical role of international collaboration, government commitment, and community involvement in sustaining malaria control efforts and provides insights into effective public health interventions.
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Background: Depression is the leading burden of mental disease, especially in low-and-middle-income countries like Vietnam. The Stepped Care Model is a promising approach to managing depression in the community with low resources. This is the first study that implemented the adapted Stepped Care Model for depression management in the Vietnamese context and evaluated the initial e
Huong Thien Ngoc Cai, Hang Thi Tran, Yen Hong Thi Nguyen, Giao Quynh Thi Vu, Thao Phuong Tran, Phuong Bich Bui, Huong Thi Thu Nguyen, Thai Quang Pham, Anh Tuan Lai, Jennifer Ilo Van Nuil, Sonia Lewycka
Frontiers in Public Health
Antibiotic use in the community for humans and animals is high in Vietnam, driven by easy access to over-the counter medicines and poor understanding of the role of antibiotics. This has contributed to antibiotic resistance levels that are amongst the highest in the world. To address this problem, we developed a participatory learning and action (PLA) intervention. Here we describe challenges and lessons learned while developing and testing this intervention in preparation for a large-scale One Health trial in northern Vietnam. We tested the PLA approach using community-led photography, and then reflected on how this approach worked in practice. We reviewed and discussed implementation documentation and developed and refined themes. Five main themes were identified related to challenges and lessons learned: understanding the local context, stakeholder relationship development, participant recruitment, building trust and motivation, and engagement with the topic of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Partnerships with national and local authorities provided an important foundation for building relationships with communities, and enhanced visibility and credibility of activities. Partnership development required managing relationships, clarifying roles, and accommodating different management styles. When recruiting participants, we had to balance preferences for top-down and bottom-up approaches. Building trust and motivation took time and was challenged by limited study team presence in the community. Open discussions around expectations and appropriate incentives were re-visited throughout the process. Financial incentives provided initial motivation to participate, while less tangible benefits like collective knowledge, social connections, desire to help the community, and new skills, sustained longer-term motivation. Lack of awareness and perceived importance of the problem of AMR, affected initial motivation. Developing mutual understanding through use of common and simplified language helped when discussing the complexities of this topic. A sense of ownership emerged as the study progressed and participants understood more about AMR, how it related to their own concerns, and incorporated their own ideas into activities. PLA can be a
powerful way of stimulating community action and bringing people together to tackle a
common problem. Understanding the nuances of local power structures, and allowing
time for stakeholder relationship development and consensus-building are important
considerations when designing engagement projects
Frontiers in Public Health
AIDS Care - Psychology, Health & Medicine - Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
Community health workers (CHW) can play an active role in providing integrated HIV and harm reduction services. We used social media to create a virtual network among Vietnamese CHW. This paper reports CHW’s social media engagement and the relationships with other workrelated indicators. Sixty CHW participated in an intervention for integrated HIV/drug use service delivery. Following two in-person sessions, Facebook groups were established for CHW to share information, seek consultation, and refer patients. CHW’s levels of online engagements were tracked for six months and linked to their service provision confidence, interaction with patients and other providers, and job satisfaction. The CHW made 181 posts, which received 557 comments and 1,607 reactions during the six months. Among the 60 CHW, 22 (36.6%) had three or more posts, 19 (31.7%) had one or two posts, and 19 (31.7%) had no post. Comparing the baseline and 6-month follow-up data, we observed that those who posted three or more times showed better service provision confidence (p = 0.0081), more interaction with providers in other settings (p = 0.0071), and higher job satisfaction (p = 0.0268). Our study suggests using social media to engage CHW in virtual communications to improve service provision in communities
AIDS and Behavior
Scientifc fndings and policy guidelines recommend integrating HIV and drug addiction prevention and care into communitybased settings. Systematic capacity-building eforts are warranted to provide technical support for community health workers and improve their confdence in the integrated service provision. An intervention trial was conducted between 2018 and 2019 with 120 community health workers (CHW) from 60 communes in Vietnam’s four provinces. The 60 intervention CHW received in-person training to enhance their HIV/addiction-related service knowledge and skills. Online support groups were established between trained CHW and local HIV and addiction specialists. The intervention outcomes were assessed using mixed-efects regression models with the data collected at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year. Adjusted analyses showed that intervention CHW reported a signifcant increase in the interaction with other treatment providers than the control group at 6 months and remained at the 12-month follow-up. The diference in the improvement of confdence in HIV/addictionrelated service delivery between the intervention and control groups was signifcant at 6-month but became insignifcant at the 12-month. Male CHW were more confdent in providing services than female CHW at baseline, and gender diferences in the changing patterns were observed over time. This capacity-building intervention demonstrated promising outcomes on CHW inter-agency collaborations and confdence in service delivery. Gender divides in healthcare professionals should be attended to in future studies
International journal of STD & AIDS
Background: People living with HIV who use drugs (PLHWUD) face enormous challenges to access antiretroviral therapy (ART), addiction treatment, and other healthcare services. This study evaluated the effect of a community capacity-building approach on PLHWUD’s access to healthcare services. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in four provinces of Vietnam. Trained commune health workers in the intervention condition were encouraged to provide services to PLHWUD in the community and engage them in HIV/addiction treatment and care using learned knowledge and skills. A total of 241 PLHWUD participated in surveys at the baseline and every three months for one year. The primary outcome was PLHWUD’s reported barriers to seeking healthcare. A linear mixed-effects regression model with a difference in difference approach was used to estimate the intervention effect on the primary outcome. Results: Adjusted analyses indicated that significant intervention effects were observed at the Sixth and ninth month follow-ups for those on ART at the baseline and increased motivation to engage in treatment at the 3-month follow-up (60.2% vs 34.4% for the intervention and control groups, respectively). Conclusions: The community capacity-building intervention had shown promising yet limited outcomes among a subset of PLHWUD in the community, that is, PLHWUD who had already initiated ART
Tạp chí Y học dự phòng
The study described the situation of health management for illegal immigrants across the Vietnam - China border who returned to their residence of 7 provinces. Out of 19,332 illegal immigrants being detected from February to July 2020; 1,735 people were detected in the community (9.0%) where Lang Son, Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lao Cai provinces were the hotspots. Seven hundred forty - three persons (42.8%) had self - reported or been reported to the authorities by their relatives; local people’s reports notified 513 people (29.6%). More than 96.4% of illegal immigrants were detected within three days of returning to Vietnam. Each illegal immigrant made contact with an average of 6.9 people (rang: 0 - 52 people). More than one thousand illegal immigrants (61.4%) were sampled for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, of which 11.7% were tested on the day of detection, and 76.9% were taken in total two samples. A hundred percent of samples were negative for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Thus, the community had a vital role in detecting and notifying the risk group to the authorities. Medical management of illegal immigrants was done quickly. Still, testing for all was not possible due to limited resources at this time, so no potential risk was detected from missing people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Tạp chí Y học dự phòng
Community - based organizations (CBO) have implemented various activities and have contributed to the successful responses to HIV/AIDS epidemic in Vietnam. However, in the context of donor phase-out, little information of current CBO’s activities has been published. This study aims to describe the diversity of CBO’s activities and to assess factors associated with implementing activities. A survey of CBO established before October 2014 and still operated after June 2014 was conducted from November 2014 to June 2015 in Vietnam. Their characteristics and participation in implementing any activities, related or not related to HIV were collected. Majority of 277 CBOs were established 2 to 10 years ago (83%) and were the group of people living with HIV (45%). Ten percent of them had legal status but most of them had leadership and an organization goal. Among 30 activities enlisted, Vietnamese CBOs provided approximately 14 activities on average. Disseminate HIV-related knowledge, outreach most at risk-people and support people to do HIV testing are three most popular activities implemented by Vietnamese CBOs. On the contrary, support for elderly/ homeless people, non-profit activities and other relevant activities are least implemented. A multiple linear regression model found six factors associated with increased activities: Older establishment, having leadership, having legal status, experienced CBO founders, having specific organization goal, and the number of partners. Vietnamese CBOs are implementing diverse activities in terms of types and numbers, remaining the key actor in HIV/AIDS prevention. Future interventions and investment in CBO are necessary to end the epidemic
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
The study presents a cross-sectional analysis via a web-based survey to assess the awareness and experiences of Vietnamese health professionals and community workers on climate and epidemic changes and their impacts on society. Health professionals, medic
Family Medicine and Medical Science Research
This study aimed to describe mental health service utilization and examine associated factors among students in Vietnam. Data were collected at eight universities in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018 using an administered questionnaire. The total number of participants was 9,120 (95.1% response rate). Among stu dents participating in our survey, 12.5% (95% CI: 10.9–14.1) with depression and/or anxiety symptoms used mental health service in the last 12 months. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors associated with mental health ser vice utilization were marital status, types of housemate, men tal health problems, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking. Our study made recommendations to stake holders for improving mental health services utilization among students in Vietnam. These findings had important implica tions for future research on factors associated with mental health service utilization among university students.
Front Psychiatry
This study aimed to describe mental health service utilization and examine associated factors among students in Vietnam. Data were collected at eight universities in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018 using an administered questionnaire. The total number of participants was 9,120 (95.1% response rate). Among stu dents participating in our survey, 12.5% (95% CI: 10.9–14.1) with depression and/or anxiety symptoms used mental health service in the last 12 months. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors associated with mental health ser vice utilization were marital status, types of housemate, men tal health problems, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking. Our study made recommendations to stake holders for improving mental health services utilization among students in Vietnam. These findings had important implica tions for future research on factors associated with mental health service utilization among university students.
This study aimed to describe mental health service utilization and examine associated factors among students in Vietnam. Data were collected at eight universities in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018 using an administered questionnaire. The total number of participants was 9,120 (95.1% response rate). Among stu dents participating in our survey, 12.5% (95% CI: 10.9–14.1) with depression and/or anxiety symptoms used mental health service in the last 12 months. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors associated with mental health ser vice utilization were marital status, types of housemate, men tal health problems, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking. Our study made recommendations to stake holders for improving mental health services utilization among students in Vietnam. These findings had important implica tions for future research on factors associated with mental health service utilization among university students.
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