Substance Abuse Journal
Background: Patients report that familial support can facilitate initiation and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). However, providing such support can create pressure and additional burdens for families of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV. We examined perspectives of people with HIV receiving treatment for OUD in Vietnam and their family members. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, we conducted face-to-face qualitative interviews with 44 patients and 30 of their family members in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants were people living with HIV and OUD enrolled in the BRAVO study comparing HIV clinic-based buprenorphine with referral to methadone treatment at 4 HIV clinics and their immediate family members (spouses or parents). Interviews were professionally transcribed, coded in Vietnamese, and analyzed using a semantic, inductive approach to qualitative thematic analysis. Results: Family members of people with OUD and HIV in Vietnam reported financially and emotionally supporting MOUD initiation and maintenance as well as actively participating in treatment. Family members described the burdens of supporting patients during opioid use, including financial costs and secondary stigma. Conclusions: Describing the role of family support in the lives of people living with OUD and HIV in the context of Vietnam enriches our understanding of their experiences and will support future treatment efforts targeting the family unit.
Annals academy of medicine, singapore
The association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and lower bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial, and further research is required. This study aimed to compare the BMD, levels of bone formation and bone metabolism markers in medicated premenopausal Singaporean women with major depressive disorder (MDD) and matched healthy controls. We examined 45 women with MDD who received SSRI treatment (mean age: 37.64 ± 7) and 45 healthy controls (mean age: 38.1 ± 9.2). BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also measured bone formation markers, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and bone metabolism markers, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL). There were no significant differences in the mean BMD in the lumbar spine (healthy controls: 1.04 ± 0.173 vs. MDD patients: 1.024 ± 0.145, p = 0.617, left hip (healthy controls: 0.823 ± 0.117 vs. MDD patients: 0.861 ± 0.146, p = 0.181) and right hip (healthy controls: 0.843 ± 0.117 vs. MDD patients: 0.85 ± 0.135, p = 0.784) between healthy controls and medicated patients with MDD. There were no significant differences in median P1NP (healthy controls: 35.9 vs. MDD patients: 37.3, p = 0.635), OPG (healthy controls: 2.6 vs. MDD patients: 2.7, p = 0.545), RANKL (healthy controls: 23.4 vs. MDD patients: 2178.93, p = 0.279) and RANKL/OPG ratio (healthy controls: 4.1 vs. MDD patients: 741.4, p = 0.279) between healthy controls and medicated patients with MDD. Chronic SSRI treatment might not be associated with low BMD in premenopausal Singaporean women who suffered from MDD. This finding may help female patients with MDD make an informed decision when considering the risks and benefits of SSRI treatment.
Early diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) could enable timely interventions and effective management which subsequently improve clinical outcomes. However, quantitative and objective assessment tools for the suspected cases who present with depressive symptoms have not been fully established.
Tuan Anh Nguyen, Kham Van Trana, Ladson Hintone, Elizabeth E Rougheadb, Adrian Estermanb, Thu Ha Danga, Giang Bao Kim, Diep Bich Pham, Huong Thi Diem Nguyen, Maria Crottyg, Susan Kurrleh, Thang Pham, Tuan Le Pham, Phuong Hoang, Henry Brodaty
Aging & mental health
Objectives: This paper aimed to review and synthesise the qualitative research evidence on the experiences and perceptions of dementia in Vietnam and among the Vietnamese diaspora. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in June 2019 using Medline, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO and Cochrane electronic databases, as well as grey literature. Keywords and Medical Subject Headings [MeSH terms] for dementia and associated terms were combined with keywords for Vietnam and its provinces. Qualitative research articles published in English or Vietnamese were included to examine evidence on the life experiences of Vietnamese people with dementia using thematic analysis. Results: Our searches resulted in 3,940 papers, from which 21 qualitative research studies were included for final analysis. The majority of research has not been undertaken in Vietnam but with the Vietnamese diaspora in Western countries and has taken a cultural perspective to analyses. Research in Western countries has focused on the need for culturally adapted and culturally sensitive models of care. Emerging themes about the life experiences of Vietnamese people with dementia identified from the studies included: many people do not have diagnostic terms for dementia but use the descriptive language of symptoms; stigma was a reported problem and on occasions can be observed in the descriptive language used for people with dementia; cultural and traditional values create both an opportunity and a barrier, supporting compassion, family care and relaxation, but creating barriers to accessing health services or long-term residential care. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review reporting qualitative evidence on the life experiences of people with dementia in Vietnam and among the Vietnamese diaspora. Future research is needed on the voice of people with dementia themselves and their caregivers particularly in Vietnam, and low and middle-income countries with regards to living with dementia, pathways to care from diagnosis, treatment, care and support, additional social care and preparedness for end of life care for people with dementia.
J Ethn Subst Abuse
Integration of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and HIV care can increase antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, implementation of integrated treatment models remains limited. Stigma towards people with OUD poses a barrier to initiation of, and adherence to, HIV treatment. We sought to understand the extent of stigma towards SUD and HIV among people with OUD in Vietnam, and the effect of stigma on integrated OUD and HIV treatment services utilization. Between 2013 and 2015, we conducted in-depth interviews with 43 patients and 43 providers at 7 methadone clinics and 8 HIV clinics across 4 provinces in Vietnam. We used thematic analysis with a mixed deductive and inductive approach at the semantic level to analyze key topics. Two main themes were identified: (1) Confidentiality concerns about HIV status make patients reluctant to receive integrated care at HIV clinics, given the requirements for daily buprenorphine dosing at HIV clinics. (2) Provider stigma existed mostly toward people with OUD and seemed to center on the belief that substance use causes a deterioration in one’s morals, and was most frequently manifested in the form of providers’ apprehensive approach towards patients. Concerns regarding stigmatization may cause patients to feel reluctant to receive treatment for both OUD and HIV at a single integrated clinic. Interventions to reduce stigma at the clinic and policy levels may thus serve to improve initiation of and adherence to integrated care
Ha V Tran, MSc MD Ha T T Nong, PhD Thuy T T Tran, PhD Teresa R Filipowicz, MPH Kelsey R Landrum, MPH Brian W Pence, PhD Giang M Le, PhD; Minh X Nguyen, PhD Dixon Chibanda, PhD Ruth Verhey, PhD Vivian F Go, PhD Hien T Ho, PhD Bradley N Gaynes
JMR Formative Research
Friendship Bench, Vietnam, Assessment-Decision-Adaptation-Production-Topical Experts-Integration-Training-Testing, ADAPT-ITT, common mental disorders, people living with HIV, PWH, people who inject drugs, PWID, methadone maintenance treatment, MMT, depression, anxiet
Background: The prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) among people living with HIV and people who inject drugs
is high worldwide and in Vietnam. However, few evidence-informed CMD programs for people living with HIV who inject drugs
have been adapted for use in Vietnam. We adapted the Friendship Bench (FB), a problem-solving therapy (PST)–based program
that was successfully implemented among patients with CMDs in primary health settings in Zimbabwe and Malawi for use among
people living with HIV on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) with CMDs in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the adaptation process with a detailed presentation of 4 phases from the third (adaptation)
to the sixth (integration) of the Assessment-Decision-Adaptation-Production-Topical Experts-Integration-Training-Testing
(ADAPT-ITT) framework.
Methods: The adaptation phase followed a qualitative study design to explore symptoms of CMDs, facilitators, and barriers to
conducting FB for people living with HIV on MMT in Vietnam, and patient, provider, and caretaker concerns about FB. In the
production phase, we revised the original program manual and developed illustrated PST cases. In the topical expert and integration
phases, 2 investigators (BNG and BWP) and 3 subject matter experts (RV, DC, and GML) reviewed the manual, with reviewer
comments incorporated in the final, revised manual to be used in the training. The draft program will be used in the training and
testing phases.
Results: The study was methodologically aligned with the ADAPT-ITT goals as we chose a proven, effective program for
adaptation. Insights from the adaptation phase addressed the who, where, when, and how of FB program implementation in the
https://formative.jmir.org/2022/7/e37211 JMIR Form Res 2022 | vol. 6 | iss. 7 | e37211 | p. 1
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JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH Tran et al
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MMT clinics. The ADAPT-ITT framework guided the appropriate adaptation of the program manual while maintaining the core
components of the PST of the original program throughout counseling techniques in all program sessions. The deliverable of this
study was an adapted FB manual to be used for training and piloting to make a final program manual.
Conclusions: This study successfully illustrated the process of operationalizing the ADAPT-ITT framework to adapt a mental
health program in Vietnam. This study selected and culturally adapted an evidence-informed PST program to improve CMDs
among people living with HIV on MMT in Vietnam. This adapted program has the potential to effectively address CMDs among
people living with HIV on MMT in Vietnam
Sarah E. Rutstein, Adams L. Sibley, Hanna E. Huffstetler, Trang Thu Do Nguyen, Ha Viet Tran, Giang Le Minh, Teerada Sripaipan, Minh Nguyen, William C. Miller, d Joseph J. Eron, a Cynthia L. Gay, a, Vivian F. Go
The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific
Background In Vietnam, HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) is several times higher than in the general population (15% versus 0.3%). PWID also experience higher rates of HIV-related mortality, driven by poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Long-acting injectable ART (LAI) is a compelling opportunity to improve treatment outcomes, but acceptability and feasibility among HIV-infected PWID remains unexplored. Methods We conducted key informant in-depth interviews in Hanoi, Vietnam (February-November 2021). Participants were purposively sampled and included policymakers, ART clinic staff, and HIV-infected PWID. We applied the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to guide study design and analysis, using thematic coding to develop and iteratively refine a codebook and characterize barriers and facilitators to LAI implementation. Findings We interviewed 38 key stakeholders: 19 PWID, 14 ART clinic staff, and five policymakers. Participants were enthusiastic about LAI convenience, highlighting less frequent and more discreet dosing. However, contrasting providers, several policymakers suggested LAI was not needed given perceived exceptional oral ART outcomes and rare viral failure among PWID. Policymakers also criticized strategies prioritizing PWID for LAI, emphasizing equity, whereas providers identified PWID as an ideal population for LAI given adherence challenges. LAI complexity, including storage and administration logistics, were deemed surmountable with training and resources. Finally, providers and policymakers acknowledged that adding LAI to drug formularies was key, but an onerous process. Interpretation Although anticipated to be resource-intensive, LAI was a welcome addition for interviewed stakeholders and likely an acceptable alternative to oral ART among PWID living with HIV in Vietnam. Despite enthusiasm among PWID and providers that LAI could improve viral outcomes, some policymakers−whose buy-in is critical to LAI implementation −opposed strategies that preferentially distributed LAI to PWID, highlighting values of equity and revealing differences in perceived HIV outcomes among PWID. Results provide a vital foundation for developing LAI implementation strategies. Funding Supported by National Institutes of Health.
BMC Public Health
Background: Heroin use continues to drive HIV transmission in Vietnam, but methamphetamine and alcohol use are growing rapidly and, as in other countries, polysubstance use is widespread. The objective of this study was to understand the interplay between heroin, methamphetamine, and alcohol use among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV in Vietnam. Methods: We conducted 44 in-depth, face-to-face qualitative interviews with people with OUD and HIV who participated in the BRAVO trial of buprenorphine versus methadone in five Vietnam HIV clinics. Interviews probed participants’ experiences of heroin, methamphetamine, and alcohol use and their interplay with HIV/OUD treatment. Interviews were professionally transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Of 44 participants interviewed 42 were male, on average 38.8 years of age, with 30 reporting a history of methamphetamine use and 33 reporting a history of alcohol use. Several themes emerged: 1) Methamphetamine and alcohol were perceived to have lower addiction potential than heroin 2) Social settings were key facilitators of alcohol and methamphetamine use 3) Some participants, but not all, used methamphetamine to help quit heroin 4) Consuming alcohol blunted the effects of heroin, while paradoxically serving as a catalyst for heroin use 5) Use of methamphetamine was perceived by many participants to be incompatible with treatment for HIV. Conclusions: Participant experiences reflected a significant impact of polysubstance use on treatment of HIV and OUD. Patterns of polysubstance use are subject to common preconceptions of alcohol and methamphetamine as having a low addictive potential, and these substances are deeply enmeshed in the social life of many people with OUD in Vietnam. Interventions to address complex social norms and potential harms of polysubstance use are urgently needed as the population of people receiving medication for OUD (MOUD) increases in Vietnam and globally
Addictive Behaviors
Background: Adolescent substance use is a leading risk factor of medical and social problems in adults. However, evidence-based interventions for substance use
disorders (SUD) among youth in resource-limited countries are lacking. Treatnet Family (TF), developed by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),
aims to make youth SUD care more affordable and accessible in low- and middle-income countries. This study explores the suitability of TF in Vietnam.
Method: Twenty interviews were conducted with eight adolescents and their family members who participated in TF, and four practitioners who delivered TF.
Questions centred on their experiences with the intervention and suggestions for improvement. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate the data.
Results: All adolescents were male with an average age of 19.3. Seven of them had left school. Most caregivers were female. Both family members and adolescents
expressed a great demand for support, and both groups appreciated the immediate improvement in parent–child communication. However, the impact of TF could be
compromised due challenges in recruiting families, possibly arising from the novelty of a family-based intervention in Vietnam and drug-related stigma. The
perception of drug use as an acute condition instead of a chronic disorder, and the lack of a continuing care system, also made it difficult to retain participants.
Conclusion: Vietnamese adolescents with SUD and their family members were in great need of support and access to evidence-based interventions. Building a
comprehensive, health-centred substance use disorder treatment and care system would enhance treatment impact.
Tạp chí Y học dự phòng
The purpose of this study was to translate the Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior Inventory (BAMBI) questionnaire into Vietnamese to develop and validate the evaluation of feeding behavior in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This cross - sectional research was conducted at 18 centers raising children with ASD in Vietnam from May 2021 to December 2021. After testing by Cronbach’s alpha index, all 18 factors were kept (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7). Then, these 18 questions were included in exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulting in 4 questions being eliminated (Loading factor > 0.5). The remaining 14 sentences that were built into a model with 5 factors and CFA confirmatory factor analysis showed that this BAMBI’s model is considered to be quite close to the fit model (CFI < 0.9), and divided them into 5 factors (according to EFA) with KMO = 0.757 and Barlett’s Test = 0.000, which was accepted. Therefore, the brief autism mealtime behavior Inventory may be a valid and accurate measuring instrument to evaluate mealtime and feeding difficulties in people with autism in Vietnam
Tạp chí Y học dự phòng
To validate the Vietnamese version Internet Gaming Disorder-20 (VN-IGD-20) Test for teenagers, a survey among 349 gamers, who were accepted in the interview, from secondary and high schools from 28 game stores was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam. The IGD-20 Test comprised 20 items with six different dimensions, using a 5-point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to examine the validation; Cronbach’s Alpha was performed to test the reliability; and Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to identify the level of internet gaming disorder (IGD). Moreover, the ROC curve diagram was used with the highest Youden’s Index parameter to determine the best cut-off point. CFA proved that the VN-IGD-Test with 17 items, which was divided into five-factor dimensions. The model indexes of the Vietnamese questionnaire included RMSEA = 0.053; SRMR = 0.052; GFI = 0.929; TLI = 0.908 and CFI = 0.927. The values for Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each dimension ranged from 0.823 to 0.840. The LCA found out four levels of IGD: casual gamers, regular gamers, low-risk engaged gamers, and high-risk engaged gamers. Additionally, the optimal empirical cut-off point with the highest Youden’s Index was 47.5 (out of 85). The present study findings illustrated that the VN-IGD-17 Test could be used as a valid and reliable tool for assessing internet gaming disorder in Vietnamese teenagers.
J Subst Abuse Treat
BMC Public Health
Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging neuroimaging modality that provides a direct and quantitative assessment of cortical haemodynamic response during a cognitive task. It may be used to identify neurophysiological diff
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides a direct and objective assessment of cerebral cortex function. It may be used to determine neurophysiological differences between psychiatric disorders with overlapping symptoms, such as major depress
European Journal of Mental Health
Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research
This study aimed to describe mental health service utilization and examine associated factors among students in Vietnam. Data were collected at eight universities in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018 using an administered questionnaire. The total number of participants was 9,120 (95.1% response rate). Among stu dents participating in our survey, 12.5% (95% CI: 10.9–14.1) with depression and/or anxiety symptoms used mental health service in the last 12 months. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors associated with mental health ser vice utilization were marital status, types of housemate, men tal health problems, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking. Our study made recommendations to stake holders for improving mental health services utilization among students in Vietnam. These findings had important implica tions for future research on factors associated with mental health service utilization among university students.
Tạp chí nghiên cứu y học
Autism spectrum disorders, education, views, preschool teacher, Vietnam, Tự kỷ, giáo dục, kiến thức, thái độ, giáo viên mầm non, Việt Nam
This study aimed to describe mental health service utilization and examine associated factors among students in Vietnam. Data were collected at eight universities in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018 using an administered questionnaire. The total number of participants was 9,120 (95.1% response rate). Among stu dents participating in our survey, 12.5% (95% CI: 10.9–14.1) with depression and/or anxiety symptoms used mental health service in the last 12 months. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors associated with mental health ser vice utilization were marital status, types of housemate, men tal health problems, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking. Our study made recommendations to stake holders for improving mental health services utilization among students in Vietnam. These findings had important implica tions for future research on factors associated with mental health service utilization among university students.
Y học cộng đồng
This study aimed to describe mental health service utilization and examine associated factors among students in Vietnam. Data were collected at eight universities in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018 using an administered questionnaire. The total number of participants was 9,120 (95.1% response rate). Among stu dents participating in our survey, 12.5% (95% CI: 10.9–14.1) with depression and/or anxiety symptoms used mental health service in the last 12 months. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors associated with mental health ser vice utilization were marital status, types of housemate, men tal health problems, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking. Our study made recommendations to stake holders for improving mental health services utilization among students in Vietnam. These findings had important implica tions for future research on factors associated with mental health service utilization among university students.
Journal of Medical Research
This study aimed to describe mental health service utilization and examine associated factors among students in Vietnam. Data were collected at eight universities in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018 using an administered questionnaire. The total number of participants was 9,120 (95.1% response rate). Among stu dents participating in our survey, 12.5% (95% CI: 10.9–14.1) with depression and/or anxiety symptoms used mental health service in the last 12 months. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors associated with mental health ser vice utilization were marital status, types of housemate, men tal health problems, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking. Our study made recommendations to stake holders for improving mental health services utilization among students in Vietnam. These findings had important implica tions for future research on factors associated with mental health service utilization among university students.
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