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Characteristics of vaccination against COVID-19, clinical classification and risk factors associated with severe progression of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients in 2022
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TS. BS. Trần Văn Giang , TS. BS. Phạm Quang Lộc
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It is crucial to study characteristics and determine associated factors with the severe progression of COVID-19 while the pandemic has been complicated yet. We aimed to describe the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccination, clinical classification and determine associated factors with the severe progression of disease among COVID-19 hospitalized patients within six months in 2022.
Methods: A study was conducted among 3,242 COVID-19 patients in two provincial hospitals in Bac Ninh and Nghe An from January to June 2022. A cross-sectional study was utilized to describe the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination and clinical classification among COVID-19 patients. A nested case-control study was conducted among 771 COVID-19 patients who were classified into the non-severe group within the first 24 hours of admission. Cases were defined as progress to severe COVID-19 during hospitalization and controls were COVID-19 patients who did not progress to the severe stage of disease. We used an online research health record to collect patient’s information. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to explore and decide associated factors with the progression to severe COVID-19 among participants.
Results: 30.1% of patients have not been vaccinated against COVID-19 yet and 60.6% of patients had been vaccinated at least two doses against COVID-19. The percentage of patients who were classified into the severe disease group at admission time was 20.0% and 4.8% of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 during hospitalization. Older age, male, pre-comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary disease increased the likelihood of progressing to severe COVID-19 disease. D-dimer ≥ 500 ng/ml, the percentage of lymphocytes in blood < 20%, and C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 5 mg/l were identified as prognostic factors for severe progression of COVID-19. At least two primary doses of the COVID-19 vaccine and combining at least one dose of AstraZeneca with other types of COVID-19 vaccine significantly decreased the chance of deteriorating COVID-19.
Conclusion: Our findings highlighted that it is important to monitor patients and early diagnoses with the help of prognostic factors. Moreover, widely supplying two primary and boosted doses of the COVID-19 vaccine for people, especially for the high-risk population is necessary.
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Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội
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